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THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN

Inactive Learning Experiences

• Organization Directory Page
  (includes titles of all evaluated learning experiences, organization description, and source of official student records)

• Titles of all Inactive Learning Experiences

• Descriptions and credit recommendations

Titles, descriptions, and credit recommendations for all Inactive Learning Experiences can be found below. To locate information on additional learning experiences, which have also been recommended for college credit, use the Organization Directory Page link above for a complete list of titles for all learning experiences or use the following links to go directly to other sections. (NOTE: The Inactive Learning Experiences section includes titles in Botany, Horticulture, and Landscape Design.)

Botany
Horticulture
Landscape Design

Titles of all Inactive Learning Experiences

NOTE: The courses listed below no longer carry credit recommendations. Credit recommendations for some courses, however, continue under related titles. In these instances, a Note at the end of an exhibit will provide further information.

Basic Botany
Botany I: Basic
Botany I: Basic Concepts
Botany II: The Plant Kingdom
Botany II: Plant Form and Function
Botany III: Plant Physiology
Design and Construction I: Design Development, Grading, and Site Planning
Design and Construction II: Working Drawings
Design and Construction III: Design and Construction of a Complete Project
Entomology
Environmental Botany
Fruit Growing for the Advanced/Professional Gardener
Landscape Design I: Site Analysis and Schematic Design
Landscape Design II: Design Development
Landscape Design III: Planting Design
Local Flora in Autumn
Local Flora in Spring
Local Flora in Winter
Mapping
Physiological Plant Ecology
Plant Form and Function
Plant Hybridization
Plant Physiology
Plant Propagation I
Pollen and Spores
Soil Science
Surveying
Vegetable Gardening for the Professional Grower

Descriptions and credit recommendations

Botany Sequence (September 1994 - September 1997)
NOTE: The following version of the Botany Sequence is recommended for credit from September 1994 to September 1997. The sequence has been offered in other forms at earlier points in time that have also been recommended for college credit. Please refer to the course exhibits below for further information. Please note that the courses are grouped here in the interest of clarity; it is not necessary for a student to complete more than one course in the sequence in order to be eligible to benefit from the credit recommendation.
Botany I: Basic Concepts
Location: The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY.
Length: 24 hours (8 weeks).
Dates: September 1994 - September 1997.
Objectives: Recognize components of plant cells; describe cell division; differentiate between root and shoot anatomy; recognize different cells and tissues in the plant body; describe the structure of cells and tissues in the plant body and how they are related to important processes such as photosynthesis and respiration; de- scribe the biochemical pathways of photosynthesis and respiration; identify major classes of plant hormones and describe their role in plant growth and development; explain water and nutrient uptake.
Instruction: Plant cells and cell division; plant anatomy, including tissues, vegetative organs, and reproductive organs; plant chemistry; respiration and photosynthesis; plant hormones the regulation of growth and development; the movement of water and solutes in plants.
Credit recommendation: In the lower division baccalaureate/ associate degree category, 1 semester hour in General Botany (12/96). NOTE: This course contains a selection of the material formerly covered in Botany I: Basic, Botany II: Plant Form and Function, and Botany III: Plant Physiology, as described in the sequence listed below.
Botany II: The Plant Kingdom
Location: The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY.
Length: 24 hours (8 weeks).
Dates: September 1994 - September 1997.*
Objectives: Describe the basic sequence of plant evolution and its relationship to plant genetics and plant classification; list characteristics of the major plant divisions; explain fundamental nutrient cycles and ecological concepts; describe major economic uses of plants.
Instruction: Survey of the plant kingdom, including morphological, anatomical, and life cycle diversity of the major divisions; introduction to the principles and mechanics of evolution, including genetics; principles of classification; systematics; algae, fungi, bryophytes, ferns and fern allies, gymnosperms, angiosperms; ecology; economic botany.
Credit recommendation: In the lower division baccalaureate/ associate degree category, 2 semester hours in General Botany (12/96). *NOTE: The credit recommendation for this course continues under the title Botany III: The Plant Kingdom, which can be found in the active Botany course listings.

Botany Sequence (September 1990 - August 1994)
NOTE: The following version of the Botany Sequence is recommended for credit from September 1990 to August 1994. The sequence has been offered in other forms at earlier points in time that have also been recommended for college credit. Please refer to the course exhibits below for further information. Please note that the courses are grouped here in the interest of clarity; it is not necessary for a student to complete more than one course in the sequence in order to be eligible to benefit from the credit recommendation.
Botany I: Basic
(Formerly Basic Botany)
Location: The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY.
Length: Version 1: 15 hours (6 weeks). Version 2: 20 hours (8 weeks).
Dates: Version 1: September 1990 - September 1992.* Version 2: October 1992 - August 1994.**
Objectives: Version 1 or 2: Recognize components of plant cells; describe cell division; describe basic mechanisms of inheritance in plants; differentiate between root and shoot anatomy; define plant systems of classification and nomenclature from a historical perspective.
Instruction: Version 1: Plant cells and cell division; genetics and DNA; plant anatomy, including tissues, vegetative organs, and reproductive organs; plant evolution; plant ecology; plant systematics. Version 2: Plant cells and cell division; genetics and DNA; plant anatomy, including tissues, vegetative organs, and reproductive organs; plant evolution; plant ecology; plant systematics; plant chemistry.
Credit recommendation: Version 1 or 2: In the lower division baccalaureate/associate degree category, 1 semester hour in General Botany (6/91 revalidation). *NOTE: An earlier version of this course, dating from September 1975 to August 1990, has been recommended for credit as part of a course grouping titled General Botany. Please consult the 1990 print edition for further information or contact National PONSI.  **NOTE: Material contained in this course has been incorporated into the course titled Botany I: Basic Concepts in the sequence listed above. Please refer to that course exhibit for a continuing credit recommendation.
Botany II: Plant Form and Function
(Formerly Plant Form and Function)
Location: The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY.
Length: 12 hours (6 weeks).
Dates: February 1991 - August 1994.*/**
Objectives: Recognize different cells and tissues in the plant body; recognize primary and secondary growth in plants; identify differences between the development of male and female gametophytes and their functioning in fertilization; describe the structure of cells and tissues in the plant body and how they are related to important processes such as photosynthesis and respiration.
Instruction: Anatomy and morphology of the plant body as related to the functioning of cells and tissues; the plant cell; cells and tissues of the plant body; primary structure and development and secondary growth of the root and the shoot; reproductive development. (Prerequisite: Basic Botany or equivalent.)
Credit recommendation: In the lower division baccalaureate/ associate degree category, 1 semester hour in General Botany (6/91 revalidation). *NOTE: An earlier version of this course, dating from September 1975 to January 1991, has been recommended for credit as part of a course grouping titled General Botany. Please consult the 1990 print edition for further information or contact National PONSI. **NOTE: Material contained in this course has been incorporated into the course titled Botany I: Basic Concepts in the sequence listed above. Please refer to that course exhibit for a continuing credit recommendation.
Botany III: Plant Physiology
(Formerly Plant Physiology)
Location: The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY.
Length: 12 hours (6 weeks).
Dates: April 1991 - August 1994.*/**
Objectives: Describe the biochemical pathways of photosynthesis and respiration; identify major classes of plant hormones and describe their role in plant growth and development; identify major environmental factors that affect plant growth and development; recognize symptoms of mineral element deficiencies in plants; explain water and nutrient uptake.
Instruction: Respiration and photosynthesis; plant hormones and the regulation of growth and development; external factors and plant growth; plant nutrition and soils; the movement of water and solutes in plants. (Prerequisites: Basic Botany and Plant Form and Function or equivalent.)
Credit recommendation: In the lower division baccalaureate/ associate degree category, 1 semester hour in General Botany (6/91 revalidation). *NOTE: An earlier version of this course, dating from September 1975 to March 1991, has been recommended for credit as part of a course grouping titled General Botany. Please consult the 1990 print edition for further information or contact National PONSI. **NOTE: Material contained in this course has been incorporated into the course titled Botany I: Basic Concepts in the sequence listed above. Please refer to that course exhibit for a continuing credit recommendation.

Entomology
Location: The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY.
Length: 16 hours (8 weeks).
Dates: April 1978 - October 1993.
Objectives: Identify most insects to order based on morphological and behavioral characteristics.
Instruction: Definition of an insect; classification and identification of insects and anthropods; harmful and beneficial effects of insects; external characteristics; types of mouthparts and their adaptations; types of metamorphosis; insect damage to plants; pest control.
Credit recommendation: In the lower division baccalaureate/associate degree category, 1 semester hour in Entomology (1/79) (10/88 revalidation).

Environmental Botany
Location: The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY.
Length: 12 hours (6 weeks).
Dates: September 1988 - October 1993.*
Objectives: Explain basic ecological and environmental concepts and processes; evaluate contemporary environmental issues.
Instruction: Nature of plant interactions at the population, community, and ecosystem levels; vegetation types; succession; energy flow; mineral and water cycles; reproductive strategies; topical issues, such as acid rain and the global effects of deforestation.
Credit recommendation: In the upper division baccalaureate degree category, 1 semester hour in Botany (10/88 revalidation). *NOTE: An earlier version of this course dating from September 1976 to August 1988 has been recommended for credit as part of a course grouping titled Plant Ecology (B). Please consult the 1990 edition of the Directory for further information.

Fruit and Vegetable Crops
1. Fruit Growing for the Advanced/Professional Gardener
2. Vegetable Gardening for the Professional Grower
Location: The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY.
Length: 1. 12 hours (6 weeks). 2. 12 hours (6 weeks).
Dates: 1. May 1986 - December 1991.* 2. May 1986 - December 1991.*
Objectives: Course 1: To provide an understanding of the physiology and current cultural systems of tree fruits and small fruits for the advanced/professional grower. Course 2: To provide an understanding of the current cultural systems of vegetable crops for the professional estate grower and the small acreage commercial gardener.
Instruction: Course 1: Physiology of fruit development; propagation; pest control; pruning; cultivar selection; cultivation of tree fruits and small fruits including lesser known fruits. (Prerequisites: Basic Botany and Soil Science.) Course 2: Vegetable classification; factors affecting plant growth; soils; recovery of applied fertilizer by plants; absorption and translocation of nutrients; fertilizers; cropping systems; irrigation; growing transplants; agricultural plastics; individual vegetables; pests and controls, farm stands; vegetable gardens in the landscape; marketing strategies.
Credit recommendation: In the lower division baccalaureate/associate degree category, 2 semester hours in Fruit and Vegetable Crops (5/86). NOTE: Courses 1 and 2 must both be completed to receive credit. *NOTE: An earlier version of these courses, dating from September 1975 to April 1986, has been recommended for credit under the title Fruit and Vegetable Gardening, as part of a course grouping titled Home Landscaping and Garden Maintenance. Please consult the 1990 edition of the Directory for further information. *NOTE: This course was scheduled to be revalidated shortly after this edition of the Directory went to press. Please contact NPONSI for the current credit recommendation.

Landscape Design I: Site Analysis and Schematic Design
Location: The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY; New York Institute of Technology (January 1993 - May 1998).
Length: 24 hours (8 weeks).
Dates: September 1989 - April 2000.*/**
Objectives: Follow a design process to solve a small scale design problem; apply basic design principles to a specific small scale site.
Instruction: Introduction to design process, including on-site assessment, program analysis, functional requirements, conceptual design alternatives, and schematic design solutions.
Credit recommendation: In the lower division baccalaureate/ associate degree category, 1 semester hour in Landscape Design (6/83) (2/90 revalidation) (6/95 revalidation). *NOTE: An earlier version of this course, dating from September 1983 to August 1989, has been recommended for credit as part of a course grouping titled Basic Landscape Design and Theory. Please consult the 1990 print Directory for further information or contact National PONSI.. **NOTE: The credit recommendation for this course continues under the course grouping that begins Landscape Design I: Site Analysis and Schematic Design, which is found in current Landscape Design listings.

Landscape Design II: Design Development
Location: The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY; New York Institute of Technology (January 1993 - May 1998).
Length: 24 hours (8 weeks).
Dates: September 1989 - April 2000.*/**
Objectives: Apply design process and design development to a series of small scale site problems, using a variety of landscape elements.
Instruction: Conceptual design, progressing through schematic design phase and culminating in a preliminary design; graphic and verbal communication skills; landscape elements; definition of outdoor spaces; exploration and evaluation of design concepts.
Credit recommendation: In the lower division baccalaureate /associate degree category, 1 semester hour in Landscape Design (6/83) (2/90 revalidation) (6/95 revalidation). *NOTE: An earlier version of this course, dating from September 1983 to August 1989, has been recommended for credit as part of a course grouping titled Basic Landscape Design and Theory. Please consult the 1990 print Directory for further information or contact National PONSI. **NOTE: The credit recommendation for this course continues under the course grouping that begins Landscape Design I: Site Analysis and Schematic Design, which is found in current Landscape Design listings.

Landscape Design III: Planting Design
Location: The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY; New York Institute of Technology (January 1993 - May 1998).
Length: 24 hours (8 weeks).
Dates: September 1989 - April 2000.*/**
Objectives: Use plants appropriately to define spaces, taking into account design and seasonal characteristics, and site factors; prepare planting plans; design planting details.
Instruction: Basic design elements of planting, such as form, texture, color, sequence of bloom, and ecological associations; planting for specific climates, topography, and other natural situations.
Credit recommendation: In the upper division baccalaureate degree category, 1 semester hour in Planting Design (6/83) (2/90 revalidation) (6/95 revalidation). *NOTE: An earlier version of this course, dating from September 1983 to August 1989, has been recommended for credit as part of the course grouping titled Basic Landscape Design and Theory. Please consult the 1990 print Directory for further information or contact National PONSI. **NOTE: The credit recommendation for this course continues under the course grouping that begins Landscape Design I: Site Analysis and Schematic Design, which is found in current Landscape Design listings.

Landscape Design and Construction
1.  Design and Construction I: Design Development, Grading, and Site Planning
2.  Design and Construction II: Working Drawings
3. Design and Construction III: Design and Construction of a Complete Project
Dates: Course 1, Version 1: September 1983 - August 1989. Version 2: September 1989 - May 1995.
Course 2, Version 1: September 1983 - August 1989. Version 2: September 1989 - May 1995.
Course 3, Version 1: September 1983 - August 1989. Version 2: September 1989 - May 1995.
Credit recommendation: Version 1: In the lower division baccalaureate/associate degree category, 4 semester hours in Design and Construction (6/83). NOTE: Courses 1, 2, and 3 must all be completed to receive credit. Version 2: In the lower division baccalaureate/associate degree category or in the upper division baccalaureate degree category, 4 semester hours in Design and Construction (2/90 revalidation). NOTE: Courses 1, 2, and 3 must all be completed to receive credit. NOTE: Complete information on this course sequence last appeared in the 2000 print Directory. Please consult that edition for further information or contact National PONSI.

1. Local Flora in Autumn
2. Local Flora in Winter
Location: The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY.
Length: Course 1, Version 1: 8 hours (4 weeks). Course 1, Version 2: 12 hours (6 weeks). Course 2, Version 1: 8 hours (4 weeks). Course 2, Version 2: 12 hours (6 weeks).
Dates: Course 1, Version 1: September 1988 - August 1989.* Course 1, Version 2: September 1989 - October 1993. Course 2, Version 1: September 1988 - August 1989.* Course 2, Version 2: September 1989 - October 1993.
Objectives: Course 1, Version 1 or 2: Identify unknown plant specimens using keys; prepare herbarium specimens. Course 2, Version 1 or 2: Using knowledge of twig structure, identify winter trees and shrubs using taxonomic keys.
Instruction: Course 1, Version 1 or 2: Taxonomic keys; plant classification; morphology; physiology of leaf color change and leaf drop; habitats; Cronquist-Takhtajan classification system; herbariums. Course 2, Version 1 or 2: Structural features; taxonomic keys; phyllotaxy; identification of trees; bud flushing.
Credit recommendation: Version 1 or 2: In the lower division baccalaureate/associate degree category, 1 semester hour in Botany (10/88 revalidation). NOTE: Courses 1 and 2 must both be completed to receive credit. *NOTE: An earlier version of these courses, titled Local Flora in Autumn and Winter and dating from April 1978 to August 1988, has been recommended for credit as part of a course grouping titled Field Studies. Please consult the 1990 edition of the Directory for further information.

Local Flora in Spring
Location: The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY.
Length: 12 hours (6 weeks).
Dates: September 1988 - October 1993.*
Objectives: Use taxonomic keys to identify local plants, emphasizing flowering structures; explain taxonomic relationships between plant families; prepare herbarium specimens.
Instruction: Northeast vegetation; field guide use; taxonomic keys; plant classification; families; angiosperm morphology; primitive vs. advanced families; pollination.
Credit recommendation: In the upper division baccalaureate degree category, 1 semester hour in Botany (10/88 revalidation). *NOTE: An earlier version of this course dating from January 1971 to August 1988 has been recommended for credit as part of a course grouping titled Field Studies. Please consult the 1990 edition of the Directory for further information.

Mapping
(Formerly Surveying)
Location: The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY.
Length: Version 1: 18 hours (6 weeks). Version 2: 24 hours (8 weeks).
Dates: Version 1: September 1989 - September 1992. Version 2: October 1992 - February 1995.
Objectives: Version 1 or 2: Measure and map a landscape to develop a site plan through the use of taping, horizontal angle measurement, traversing, and stadia.
Instruction: Version 1 or 2: Orientation to surveying; measurement and error; angular measurements; trigonometry and geometric principles as related to site mapping; traversing and traverse adjustment; site mapping with transit; tape traverse; stadia measurements.
Credit recommendation: Version 1 or 2: In the lower division baccalaureate/associate degree category, 1 semester hour in Surveying (2/90).

Physiological Plant Ecology
Location: The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY.
Length: 12 hours (6 weeks).
Dates: September 1988 - October 1993.*
Objectives: Explain the processes through which plants make physiological adjustments to their environment.
Instruction: Historical background to development of the discipline; energy budge concepts; water relations; microclimate; photosynthetic relationships within and between plant assemblages.
Credit recommendation: In the upper division baccalaureate degree category, 1 semester in Botany (10/88 revalidation). *NOTE: An earlier version of this course dating from September 1977 to August 1988 has been recommended for credit as part of a course grouping titled Plant Ecology (B). Please consult the 1990 edition of the Directory for further information.

Plant Hybridization
Location: The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY.
Length: 12 hours (6 weeks).
Dates: September 1987 - October 1993.*
Objectives: Implement plant breeding techniques, both traditional and biotechnical, to produce, select and maintain hybrids.
Instruction: Mechanisms of inheritance; chromosome number and chromosome mutations; plant breeding techniques; progeny assessment; selection and maintenance of new cultivars.
Credit recommendation: In the lower division baccalaureate/associate degree category, 1 semester hour in Horticulture (10/88 revalidation). *NOTE: An earlier version of this course dating from April 1978 to August 1987 has been recommended for credit as part of a course grouping titled Taxonomy of Spermatophytes. Please consult the 1990 edition of the Directory for further information.

Plant Propagation I
(Basic Principles)
Location: The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY.
Length: 18 hours (8 weeks).
Dates: September 1986 - October 1993.
Objectives: Explain the physiology of sexual and asexual plant propagation; describe basic propagation techniques.
Instruction: Propagating structures; media; sexual propagation; seed viability; germination; seed dormancy; asexual propagation; cuttings; layering; division; grafting; budding; tissue culture.
Credit recommendation: In the lower division baccalaureate/associate degree category, 1 semester hour in Horticulture (10/88).

Pollen and Spores
Location: The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY.
Length: 12 hours (6 weeks).
Dates: January 1987 - October 1993.
Objectives: Describe the variations in form and function of pollen and spores, taxonomic differences, and their practical applications.
Instruction: Nature of palynology; structure and identification of pollen and spores; dispersion of pollen and spores; collection techniques; laboratory treatment of pollen and spores; pollen analysis and interpretation; palynology and ecology/paleo-ecology; palynology and taxonomy/evolution; palynology and allergy.
Credit recommendation: In the upper division baccalaureate category, 1 semester hour in Botany (10/88 revalidation). NOTE: This course was previously listed under Taxonomy of Spermatophytes.

Soil Science
Location: The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY.
Length: 12 hours (6 weeks).
Dates: September 1986 - September 1993.*/**
Objectives: Describe mechanisms of soil formation; define physical properties of soils; explain principles of soil management.
Instruction: Parent material; soil horizons and profiles; physical properties; texture; structure; particle and bulk densities; soil water; soil chemistry; soil biology; soil nutrition; fertilizers; soil surveys.
Credit recommendation: In the lower division baccalaureate/ associate degree category, 1 semester hour in Soil Science (10/88 revalidation). *NOTE: An earlier version of this course dating from January 1977 to August 1986 has been recommended for credit as part of a course grouping titled Gardening Practice. Please consult the 1990 print Directory for further information or contact National PONSI. **NOTE: The material covered in this course is now included primarily in the course titled Soil Science I. Please refer to the description in the active Horticulture listings for further information.

Updated 5/30/07

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