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THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN

Horticulture

Titles, descriptions, and credit recommendations for all learning experiences currently recommended for credit in Horticulture can be found below. To locate information on additional learning experiences, which have also been recommended for college credit, use the Organization Directory Page link above for a complete list of titles for all learning experiences  or use the following links to go directly to other sections. (Information on Horticulture courses formerly recommended for college credit and retired versions of active courses will be found in the Inactive Learning Experiences section).

Botany
Landscape Design
Inactive Learning Experiences

Titles of all evaluated learning experiences in Horticulture

Chemical Weed Control
Commercial Greenhouse Management
Disease Identification and Management
Diseases of Ornamental Plants
Effective Weed Management in Turf and Landscape (HRT 482)
Fertilizers
Greenhouse Management (HRT 511)
Insect Pests of Ornamental Plants (HRT 381)
Nursery Management (HRT 512)
Ornamental Herbaceous Plants: Bulbs (HRT 342)
Ornamental Herbaceous Plants: Spring Perennials (HRT 336)
Ornamental Herbaceous Plants: Summer and Fall Perennials (HRT 337)
Ornamental Herbaceous Plants: Perennials
Ornamental Tropical Plants (HRT 361)
Ornamental Woody Plants: Broadleaved Evergreens (HRT 332)
Ornamental Woody Plants: Conifers (HRT 333)
Ornamental Woody Plants: Fall Trees and Shrubs (HRT 331)
Ornamental Woody Plants: Spring Trees and Shrubs (HRT 334)
Plant Pests and Diseases
Soil Science I
Soil Science I (HRT 301)
Soil Science I: Physical Properties (HRT 301)
Soil Science II (HRT 302)
Soil Science II: Chemistry and Nutrition (HRT 302)
Spring Perennials
Summer and Fall Perennials
Tree Maintenance
Tree Management (HRT 422)
Turf and Grounds Maintenance
Turf and Grounds Management (HRT421)
Turf Management
Weed Control
Descriptions and credit recommendations

Disease Identification and Management (HRT 481)
(Formerly Diseases of Ornamental Plants; also formerly Plant Pests and Diseases)
Location: The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY.
Length: 12 hours (6 weeks).
Dates: Version 1: May 1986 - December 1991. Version 2: January 1992 - Present.
Objectives: Version 1: To introduce students to the common diseases of woody and herbaceous ornamentals caused by bacteria, fungi, nematodes and viruses; to examine cultural, biological and chemical strategies for disease control; to develop skills in plant problem diagnosis. Version 2: Explain how environmental factors influence plant diseases and why; describe how to approach disease diagnosis; use references to arrive at a diagnosis; recognize common plant diseases on herbaceous and woody ornamentals.
Instruction: Version 1: Pathology of plants; disease diagnosis; bacterial, rickettsial, and mycoplasmal diseases; fungi as plant pathogens; soil‑borne diseases: damping‑off and root rots; fungi causing leaf spots and anthracnose diseases, and powdery mildew; fungi causing galls, rust diseases, cankers, vascular wilts; viruses as plant pathogens; virus‑indexing procedures; insects as vectors; nematodes as plant pathogens; parasitic plants; nonliving agents of plant disease, such as air pollution, spray or insect injury, and nutritional imbalances. (Prerequisite: Basic Botany.) Version 2: Same topics as Version 1; no prerequisite.
Credit recommendation: Version 1 or 2: In the lower division baccalaureate/associate degree category, 1 semester hour in Plant Pathology (5/86) (6/92 revalidation) (6/97 revalidation) (5/02 revalidation) (10/07 revalidation).

Effective Weed Management in Turf and Landscape (HRT 482)
(Formerly Weed Control or Chemical Weed Control)
Location: The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY.
Length: 12 hours (6 weeks).
Dates: Version 1: May 1986 - December 1991. Version 2: January 1992 - Present.
Objectives: Version 1: To explore the use of chemicals in weed control around homes, in the nursery, and in crop and turfgrass areas. Version 2: Use chemical and non-chemical techniques to control weeds around homes, in the nursery, and in turfgrass areas.
Instruction: Version 1: Uses of chemical weed control; common herbicides; how chemicals kill weeds; application; calibration and use of equipment (using mathematical calculations); persistence of herbicides in the environment. (Prerequisite: Basic Botany.) Version 2: Weed biology; weed identification; common herbicides and their application techniques; calibration and care of equipment; effective herbicide regimes; non-chemical controls; effect of chemicals on environment.
Credit recommendation: Version 1: In the lower division baccalaureate/associate degree category, 1 semester hour in Chemical Weed Control (5/86). Version 2: In the lower division baccalaureate/associate degree category, 1 semester hour in Weed Control (6/92 revalidation) (6/97 revalidation) (5/02 revalidation) (10/07 revalidation).

Fertilizers
Location: The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY.
Length: 12 hours (6 weeks).
Dates: January 1989 - December 1993.*
Objectives: Select appropriate fertilizers for horticultural crops; determine correct application rates.
Instruction: Essential elements for plant growth; nutrient deficiencies; fertilizer classification: organic, inorganic; relationship between fertilizer and soil pH; fertilizer carriers; micronutrient sources; labeling interpretation; application rates; timing and methods of application; fertilizer calculations; foliar analysis; soluble salts.
Credit recommendation: In the upper division baccalaureate degree category, 1 semester hour in Horticulture (10/88). *NOTE: The material covered in this course is now included primarily in the course titled Soil Science II. Please refer to that course exhibit for further information.

Greenhouse Management (HRT 511)
(Formerly Commercial Greenhouse Management)
Location: The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY.
Length: Version 1: 12 hours (6 weeks). Version 2: 16 hours (7 weeks); includes one 4-hour field trip. Version 3: 12 hours (6 weeks). Version 4: 14 hours (5 weeks and field trip).
Dates: Version 1: March 1986 - September 1993. Version 2: February 1994 - August 1994. Version 3: September 1994 - September 2006. Version 4: October 2006 - Present.*
Objectives: Version 1: Explain principles of greenhouse construction and maintenance; evaluate alternative structures and environmental control systems; describe support equipment requirements; describe cultural practices. Version 2, 3 or 4: Describe principles of commercial greenhouse operation.
Instruction: Version 1: Structure types; heating; cooling; equipping; growing media; sanitation practices; irrigation; pest and disease control; plant nutrition; cultural practices for specific crops. Version 2, 3 or 4: Types of structures; equipment used in commercial greenhouses; methods of automation; crop scheduling and planning; factors relating to growth (management of heat, light, water, soil, pest control); crop, pot, bedding cultural practices; market development and trends.
Credit recommendation: Version 1, 2,3 or 4: In the upper division baccalaureate degree category, 1 semester hour in Horticulture (10/88 revalidation) (6/94 revalidation) (6/99 revalidation) (6/04 revalidation). *NOTE: An earlier version of this course dating from April 1977 to February 1986 has been recommended for credit as part of a course grouping titled Nursery and Greenhouse Management. Please consult the 1990 print Directory for further information or contact National PONSI.

Insect Pests of Ornamental Plants (HRT 381)
Location: The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY.
Length: 15 hours (6 weeks); includes 3 hours of supervised laboratory experience.
Dates: October 1993 - Present.
Objectives: Recognize insect damage to plants; identify responsible insect and appropriate control measures.
Instruction: Review of insect anatomy and life cycles; characteristics of plant feeding insect orders,  including defoliators sucking insects, bark beetles, borers, gall formers; control strategies.
Credit recommendation: In the lower division baccalaureate/associate degree category, 1 semester hour in Entomology (6/94) (6/99 revalidation) (6/04 revalidation).

Nursery Management (HRT 512)
Location: The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY.
Length: Version 1: 12 hours (6 weeks).
Version 2: 16 hours (5 weeks); includes a 4-hour field trip.
Dates: Version 1: March 1986 - September 1993.* Version 2: October 1993 - Present.
Objectives: Version 1: Evaluate potential nursery sites; evaluate alternative forms of business organization; compare field and container production; explain cultural practices; describe techniques of financial management and marketing. Version 2: Describe nursery management practices, including fertilization, planting, digging and maintenance of field and container grown ornamental plants.
Instruction: Version 1: Nursery classification; management applied to nurseries; selection of nursery site; development of the nursery; nursery design; field production; propagation; soil preparation; fertilization; pest control; irrigation; harvesting; financial management; marketing. Version 2: Nursery site selection; arrangement and layout; growing nursery stock in field and in containers; pruning, fertilization, irrigation, and pest control; marketing.
Credit recommendation: Version 1 or 2: In the upper division baccalaureate degree category, 1 semester hour in Horticulture (10/88 revalidation) (6/94 revalidation) (6/99 revalidation) (6/04 revalidation). *NOTE: An earlier version of this course dating from January 1977 to February 1986 has been recommended for credit as part of the course grouping titled Nursery and Greenhouse Management. Please refer to the 1990 print Directory for further information or contact National PONSI.

Ornamental Herbaceous Plants: Bulbs (HRT 342)
(Formerly Ornamental Herbaceous Plants: Bulbs)
Location: The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY.
Length: 12 hours (6 weeks).
Dates: April 1991 - Present.*
Objectives: Identify and classify tender and hardy bulbs used in horticulture; describe culture and landscape use of bulbs.
Instruction: Classroom and field experience in the identification, classification, and landscape use of ornamental bulbs, including spring, summer, and autumn-flowering bulbs; structure of bulbs, corms, and tubers; native North American bulbs.
Credit recommendation: In the lower division baccalaureate/ associate degree category, 1 semester hour in Horticulture (6/92 revalidation) (6/97 revalidation) (5/02 revalidation) (10/07 revalidation). *NOTE: An earlier version of this course, grouped with Annuals and Perennials under the heading Ornamental Herbaceous Plants, and dating from June 1985 to May 1990, has been recommended for credit. Please refer to the 1990 print Directory for further information or contact National PONSI.

1. Ornamental Herbaceous Plants: Spring Perennials (HRT 336)
(Formerly Ornamental Herbaceous Plants: Spring Perennials or Perennials)
2. Ornamental Herbaceous Plants: Summer and Fall Perennials (HRT 337)
(Formerly Summer and Fall Perennials or Ornamental Herbaceous Plants: Perennials)
Location: The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY.
Length: Version 2: 12 hours (4 or 6 weeks). Version 3, Course 1: 9 hours (6 weeks). Version 3, Course 2: 9 hours (6 weeks).
Dates: Version 2: July 1991 - May 2004. Version 3: June 2004 - Present.*
Objectives: Version 2 or 3: Identify and classify perennial plants for landscape use.
Instruction: Version 2 or 3: Classroom and field experience in the identification, classification, and landscape use of spring flowering, summer flowering, autumn flowering, and foliage perennials.
Credit recommendation: Version 2 or 3: In the lower division baccalaureate/ associate degree category, 1 semester hour in Horticulture (6/92 revalidation) (6/97 revalidation) (5/02 revalidation) (10/07 revalidation). *NOTE: An earlier version of this course, grouped with Annuals and Bulbs under the heading Ornamental Herbaceous Plants, and dating from June 1985 to May 1990, has been recommended for credit. Please refer to the 1990 print Directory for further information or contact National PONSI.

Ornamental Tropical Plants (HRT 361)
(Formerly Ornamental Tropical Plants)
Location: The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY.
Length: Version 2: 12 hours (6 weeks). Version 3: 14 hours (6 weeks)
Dates: Version 2: October 1992 - October 2004. Version 3: November 2004 - Present.*
Objectives: Version 2 or 3: Identify ornamental tropical plants and their cultural requirements.
Instruction: Version 2 or 3: Native habitats and cultural characteristics of tropical plants; epiphytes; terrestrials; pteridophytes; gymnosperms; angiosperms.
Credit recommendation: Version 2 or 3: In the lower division baccalaureate/associate degree category, 1 semester hour in Horticulture (6/94 revalidation) (6/99 revalidation) (6/04 revalidation). *NOTE: An earlier version of this course dating from June 1985 to May 1990 has been recommended for credit. Please refer to the 1990 print Directory for further information or contact National PONSI.

Ornamental Woody Plants
1. Broadleaved Evergreens (HRT 332)
(Formerly Broadleaved Evergreens)
2. Conifers (HRT 333)
(Formerly Conifers)
3. Fall Trees and Shrubs (HRT 331)
(Formerly Fall Trees and Shrubs)
4. Spring Trees and Shrubs (HRT 334)
(Formerly Spring Trees and Shrubs)
Location: The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY.
Length: 1. 8 hours (4 weeks).  2. 12 hours (6 weeks). 3. 12 hours (6 weeks). 4. 12 hours (6 weeks).
Dates: Version 1: 1. June 1985 - December 1991. 2. June 1985 - December 1991. 3. June 1985 - December 1991. 4. June 1985 - December 1991.
Version 2: 1. January 1992 - Present. 2. January 1992 - Present. 3. January 1992 - Present. 4. January 1992 - Present.
Objectives: Courses 1-4: Version 1: To instruct students in the identification and landscape use of the major groups of ornamental trees and shrubs. Version 2: Identify ornamental trees and shrubs; describe their landscape characteristics (i.e., size, form, hardiness, season of interest, major pests and disease problems, cultural requirements).
Instruction: Courses 1-4: Version 1: Lecture and laboratory experience covering the major groups of trees and shrubs grown for their flowers, ornamental fruit, foliage, shade, or color. Emphasis is placed on recognition of important horticultural characteristics and uses. Following completion of the classroom instruction and assignments, a student may elect to complete an independent study paper or project with written results under the supervision of the instructor. This independent study paper or project consists of at least 30 hours of research. Version 2: Classroom and field experience covering the major groups of trees and shrubs grown for their flowers, ornamental fruit, foliage, shade, or color. Emphasis is placed on recognition of important horticultural characteristics and uses.
Credit recommendation: Version 1: In the lower division baccalaureate/associate degree category, 3 semester hours in Horticulture; if a student completes an independent study paper or project, 1 additional semester hour is recommended (5/85). Version 2: In the lower division baccalaureate/associate degree category, 3 semester hours in Horticulture (6/92 revalidation) (6/97 revalidation) (5/02 revalidation) (10/07 revalidation). NOTE: Courses 1, 2, 3, and 4 must all be completed to receive credit.

Soil Science I: Physical Properties (HRT 301)
(Formerly Soil Science I (HRT 301) and Soil Science I)
Location: The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY.
Length: Version 1: 16 hours (8 weeks). Version 2: 18 hours (8 weeks).
Dates: Version 1: October 1993 - August 2004. Version 2: September 2004 - Present.
Objectives: Version 1 or 2: Define key soil nomenclature; describe soil development and physical properties, especially the relationship between soil and water in sustaining plant growth.
Instruction: Version 1 or 2: Development of soils; physical properties of soils; soil structure and water relationships; water resources and plant needs; water resources and irrigation; drainage, erosion, and sediment control; surveys, land use, and taxonomy.
Credit recommendation: Version 1 or 2: In the lower division baccalaureate/associate degree category, 1 semester hour in Soil Science (6/94 revalidation) (6/99 revalidation) (6/04 revalidation).

Soil Science II: Chemistry and Nutrition (HRT 302)
[Formerly Soil Science II (HRT 302)]
Location: The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY.
Length: 16 hours (8 weeks).
Dates: January 1994 - Present.
Objectives: Explain basic principles of soil chemistry, nutrient cycles, and fertilizer use; describe the relationship between nutrient exchange in the soil and plant growth.
Instruction: Chemical reactions; essential plant nutrients; soil biology and ecology; soil colloids and chemical properties; soil nutrient testing and deficiency symptoms; fertilizers and sources of nutrients; fertilizer calculations and applications; fertilizer application and environmental control.
Credit recommendation: In the lower division baccalaureate/associate degree category, 1 semester hour in Soil Science (6/94 revalidation) (6/99 revalidation) (6/04 revalidation).

Tree Management (HRT 422)
(Formerly Tree Maintenance)
(Arboriculture)
Location: The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY.
Length: Version 1 or 2: 16 hours (8 or 9 weeks). Version 3: 14 hours (7 - 9 weeks).
Dates: Version 1: May 1986 - December 1991. Version 2: January 1992 - September 2004. Version 3: October 2004 - Present.
Objectives: Version 1: To instruct students in basic anatomy and physiology of trees and its practical application to techniques and procedures of tree care. Version 2 or 3: Describe tree anatomy and physiology and its relationship to its environment; execute tree maintenance procedures to achieve desired results and minimize adverse impact on tree physiology.
Instruction: Version 1: Anatomy and physiology of trees; roots and soil; pruning: theory and practice; compartmentalization of diseases in trees (CODIT); cavity installation; cabling and transplanting; lightning protection; insecticides; tree pathology; disease control. Version 2 or 3: Anatomy and physiology of trees; roots and soil; fertilization; pruning: theory and practice; compartmentalization of diseases in trees (CODIT); cabling and transplanting; lightning protection; insecticides; tree pathology; disease control.
Credit recommendation: Version 1, 2 or 3: In the lower division baccalaureate/associate degree category, 1 semester hour in Arboriculture (5/86) (6/92 revalidation) (6/99 revalidation) (6/04 revalidation).

Turf and Grounds Management (HRT 421)
(Formerly Turf and Grounds Maintenance; also formerly Turf Management)
Location: The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY.
Length: Version 1: 16 hours (8 weeks).
Version 2 or 3: 18 hours (6 weeks).
Dates: Version 1: February 1994 - September 1996. Version 2: October 1996 - August 1998. Version 3: September 1998 – Present.
Objectives: Version 1, 2 or 3: Manage residential and commercial landscapes; install and maintain turf areas and woody ornamentals; identify common landscape problems and their solutions.
Instruction: Version 1 or 2: Botanical characteristics of turfgrass; selection of grass plants for site; turf maintenance programs; mowing, fertilizing, weed control disease control, and insect control for turfgrass; pesticide safety review; turfgrass renovation; seasonal lawn management; ground cover alternatives to turf; selection, planting, fertilizing, and management of trees, shrubs,  and ornamentals; watering, pruning, insect and disease problems of trees, shrubs, and ornamentals. Version 3: Botanical characteristics of turfgrass; selection of grass plants for site; turf maintenance programs; mowing, fertilizing, weed control disease control, and insect control for turfgrass; pesticide safety review; turfgrass renovation; seasonal lawn management; ground cover alternatives to turf; pruning of trees, shrubs, and ornamentals to facilitate turf management.
Credit recommendation: Version 1, 2 or 3: In the lower division baccalaureate/associate degree category, 1 semester hour in Horticulture (6/94) (6/99 revalidation) (6/04 revalidation).

Updated 2/8/08

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